Intellectual disability (ID) is a condition characterized by significant limitations in both intellectual functioning (such as reasoning, learning, problem-solving) and in adaptive behavior, which covers a range of everyday social and practical skills. This condition typically originates before the age of 18. Key aspects of intellectual disability: 1. Intellectual Functioning: People with ID generally have an IQ score below 70-75. This affects their ability to learn, reason, and make decisions. 2. Adaptive Behavior: Challenges are seen in three areas: o Conceptual skills: Language, literacy, money, time, and number concepts. o Social skills: Interpersonal skills, social responsibility, self-esteem, and problem-solving in social interactions. o Practical skills: Personal care, job responsibilities, managing money, recreation, and organizing tasks. 3. Developmental Period: Intellectual disability is identified during the developmental years, typically before age 18.